How, Liew Futt (2013) Production of biodiesel from palm oil through heterogeneous catalysis using calcined eggshell. Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang.
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Abstract
In recent years, shortage of fossil fuel, increasing price of crude oil and environmental issues have led to the scientific and research study in alternative fuel. Biodiesel is one of the alternate biofuels, due to its comparable fuel properties and cleaner emission to environment. In this study, transesterification of refined palm oil with methanol catalyzed by heterogeneous catalyst, calcined eggshell was studied and the suitable kinetic model was identified. Calcined eggshell was prepared by washing the fresh eggshell with boiling water and followed by calcinations of fresh eggshell at 900 0C. The calcined eggshells were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD),Physisorption analysis (B.E.T.) method, andFourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Through the analysis, the calcined eggshell was found that identical to the commercial Calcium Oxide. Transesterification was studied at different parameter such as temperature (450C- 650C), agitation intensity (200 rpm-500 rpm), catalyst weight percent (1.5%-6%), and methanol to oil weight ratio (12:1-6:1). The highest yield is 72.03% of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME). The kinetic data was fit to the kinetic model developed using first order model. It is found that the calcined eggshell is a potential catalyst which is comparable to other commercial catalyst.
| Item Type: | Undergraduates Project Papers |
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| Additional Information: | Project paper (Bachelor of Chemical Engineering) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2013. SV : Dr. CHIN SIM YEE, NO CD : 7050 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Palm oil Refining; Transesterification; Catalysis; Eggshells |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology |
| Faculty/Division: | Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering |
| Depositing User: | Ms. Hazima Anuar |
| Date Deposited: | 11 Nov 2014 02:24 |
| Last Modified: | 09 Nov 2023 03:56 |
| URI: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/7189 |
| Download Statistic: | View Download Statistics |
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