Biodiesel synthesized from waste cooking oil in a continuous microwave assisted reactor reduced PM and NOx emissions

Mohd Affandi, Mohd Ali and Jolius, Gimbun and Lau, Kun Lu and Cheng, C. K. and Vo, Dai-Viet N. and Lam, Su Shiung and R. M., Yunus (2020) Biodiesel synthesized from waste cooking oil in a continuous microwave assisted reactor reduced PM and NOx emissions. Environmental Research, 185. p. 109452. ISSN 0013-9351. (Published)

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DOI/Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109452

Abstract

A synergistic effect of the activated limestone-based catalyst (LBC) and microwave irradiation on the transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) was screened using a two-level factorial design and response surface methodology. The catalyst was prepared using a wet-impregnation method and was characterised for its surface element, surface morphology, surface area and porosity. The reaction was performed in a purpose-built continuous microwave assisted reactor (CMAR), while the conversion and yield of biodiesel were measured using a gas chromatography. The results showed that the catalyst loading, methanol to oil molar ratio and the reaction time significantly affect the WCO conversion. The optimum conversion of oil to biodiesel up to 96.65 was achieved at catalyst loading of 5.47Â wt, methanol to oil molar ratio of 12.21:1 and the reaction time of 55.26Â min. The application of CMAR in this work reduced the transesterification time by about 77 compared to the reaction time needed for a conventional reactor. The biodiesel produced in this work met the specification of American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM D6751). Engine test results shows the biodiesel has a lower NOx and particulate matters emissions compared to petrodiesel.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	Indexed by Scopus
Uncontrolled Keywords:	PM and NOx emissions; Biodiesel; Microwave; Limestone-based catalyst; Waste cooking oil; Optimization
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology
Faculty/Division:	College of Engineering Centre of Excellence: Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology
Depositing User:	Prof. Dr. Jolius Gimbun
Date Deposited:	10 Aug 2020 03:55
Last Modified:	10 Aug 2020 03:55
URI:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/28903
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