Lignin-based polybenzoxazine derived from empty fruit bunch fibers with good thermal and mechanical properties

Nurfatin Farhanah, Rohimi and Rasidi, Roslan and Nurjannah, Salim and Siti Noor Hidayah, Mustapha and Sarani, Zakaria and Chin, Hua Chia (2020) Lignin-based polybenzoxazine derived from empty fruit bunch fibers with good thermal and mechanical properties. In: Symposium on Industrial Science and Technology, SISTEC 2019 , 22-23 Aug. 2019 , Kuantan, Malaysia. pp. 121-126., 981. ISSN 1662-9752

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Abstract

In this study, a renewable phenolic component was synthesized using empty fruit bunch fibers via microwave-assisted liquefaction known as Liquefied Empty Fruit Bunch (LEFB). LEFB can be used as phenolic derivative to replace petroleum-based phenol as it contains aromatic group in lignin that can be used as starting materials to synthesis polybenzoxazine resins. A Lignin-based benzoxazine (L-PBz) has been synthesized using a solventless approach from the reaction of LEFB, furfurylamine as the amine component and paraformaldehyde via Mannich condensation reaction. Two different ratios of LEFB:furfurylamine:paraformaldehyde which are 1:1:1 and 1:1:2 were investigated. The thermal properties and polymerization behavior of the L-PBz were analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. In addition, cured-polybenzoxazine composites were also prepared by hot-pressing the uncured L-PBz at 250 °C for 4 hours, and the mechanical properties of the composites were assessed through Izod impact strength test. TGA analysis showed that, L-PBz with ratio of 1:1:1 exhibit a high char yield compared to 1:1:2 which is 47% vs 43%, respectively, after being heated until 900 °C. However, L-PBz with ratio of 1:1:2 showed good polymerization behavior compared to 1:1:1 which indicated by the curing temperature 215 °C vs 238 °C. L-PBz composites, which added with cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) fillers have better strength compared with the absence of fillers. As a conclusion, the aromatic structure of lignin in empty fruit bunch fibers has presented a promising alternative to replace petroleum-based phenol in polybenzoxazine synthesis.

Item Type:	Conference or Workshop Item (Lecture)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Bio-based polybenzoxazine; Composites; Empty fruit bunch; Lignin; Thermoset
Subjects:	T Technology > T Technology (General)
Faculty/Division:	Faculty of Industrial Sciences And Technology
Depositing User:	Pn. Hazlinda Abd Rahman
Date Deposited:	22 Feb 2021 06:23
Last Modified:	22 Feb 2021 06:23
URI:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/30505
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