Che Mohd Nasril, Che Mohd Nassir and Mohd Khairul Izamil, Zolkefley and Muhammad Danial, Ramli and Haziq Hazman, Norman and Hafizah, Abdul Hamid and Muzaimi, Mustapha (2022) Neuroinflammation and COVID-19 ischemic stroke recovery—Evolving evidence for the mediating roles of the ACE2/angiotensin-(1–7)/mas receptor axis and NLRP3 inflammasome. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23 (6). pp. 1-23. ISSN 1661-6596. (Published)
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Neuroinflammation and COVID-19 ischemic stroke recovery_evolving evidence for the mediating roles of the ace2_angiotensin-(1–7).pdf Available under License Creative Commons Attribution. Download (4MB) | Preview |
Abstract
Cerebrovascular events, notably acute ischemic strokes (AIS), have been reported in the setting of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection. Commonly regarded as cryptogenic, to date, the etiology is thought to be multifactorial and remains obscure; it is linked either to a direct viral invasion or to an indirect virus-induced prothrombotic state, with or without the presence of conventional cerebrovascular risk factors. In addition, patients are at a greater risk of developing long-term negative sequelae, i.e., long-COVID-related neurological problems, when compared to non-COVID-19 stroke patients. Central to the underlying neurobiology of stroke recovery in the context of COVID-19 infection is reduced angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression, which is known to lead to thrombo-inflammation and ACE2/angiotensin-(1–7)/mitochondrial assembly receptor (MasR) (ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MasR) axis inhibition. Moreover, after AIS, the activated nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome may heighten the production of numerous proinflammatory cytokines, mediating neuro-glial cell dysfunction, ultimately leading to nerve-cell death. Therefore, potential neuroprotective therapies targeting the molecular mechanisms of the aforementioned mediators may help to inform rehabilitation strategies to improve brain reorganization (i.e., neuro-gliogenesis and synaptogenesis) and secondary prevention among AIS patients with or without COVID-19. Therefore, this narrative review aims to evaluate the mediating role of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis and NLRP3 inflammasome in COVID-19-mediated AIS, as well as the prospects of these neuroinflammation mediators for brain repair and in secondary prevention strategies against AIS in stroke rehabilitation.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | Indexed by Scopus |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | ACE2; COVID-19; Ischemic stroke; Neurorehabilitation; NLRP3 inflammasome |
| Subjects: | H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor Q Science > Q Science (General) T Technology > T Technology (General) |
| Faculty/Division: | Faculty of Industrial Sciences And Technology |
| Depositing User: | Mr Muhamad Firdaus Janih@Jaini |
| Date Deposited: | 03 Nov 2022 04:03 |
| Last Modified: | 03 Nov 2022 04:03 |
| URI: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/35138 |
| Download Statistic: | View Download Statistics |
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