Nonlinear effects of ESG on energy-adjusted firm efficiency: Evidence from the stakeholder engagement of apple incorporated

Ren, Chunya and Ting, Irene Wei Kiong and Lu, Wen-Min and Kweh, Qian Long (2022) Nonlinear effects of ESG on energy-adjusted firm efficiency: Evidence from the stakeholder engagement of apple incorporated. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 29 (5). 1231 -1246. ISSN 1535-3958. (Published)

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Abstract

This study examines how the (i) overall environmental, social, and governance (OESG) performance; (ii) three individual E, S, and G (IESG) performance; and (iii) subcomponents of the three individual E, S, and G (SIESG) performance affect 29 Apple Incorporation partners' energy-adjusted firm efficiency from a nonlinear perspective. Our truncated regression findings from 145 firm-year observations for the period of 2016–2020 indicate that the association between OESG performance and energy-adjusted firm efficiency is U-shaped. However, this nonlinear U-shape exists in the individual S and G but not E of the IESG performance. Moreover, only certain subcomponents of the SIESG performance are nonlinearly related to energy-adjusted firm efficiency. Overall, we highlight both the costs and benefits of the ESG performance for maintaining sustainable development and stakeholder engagement. The energy-adjusted firm efficiency estimated through the multidimensional data envelopment analysis approach is also noteworthy for policy and decision-making purposes.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	Indexed by Scopus
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Apple incorporated; Data envelopment analysis; Energy-adjusted firm efficiency; ESG; Stakeholder engagement; Sustainable development
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor H Social Sciences > HF Commerce
Faculty/Division:	Faculty of Industrial Management Institute of Postgraduate Studies
Depositing User:	Mrs Norsaini Abdul Samat
Date Deposited:	17 Jul 2023 02:59
Last Modified:	17 Jul 2023 02:59
URI:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/38030
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