Extraction of Oil from Cocoa Shell Waste by Hydrodistillation using Microwave

Nurhamizah, Ibrahim and Nurul Aini, Mohd Azman and Said, Nurdin and Mohd Sabri, Mahmud (2023) Extraction of Oil from Cocoa Shell Waste by Hydrodistillation using Microwave. In: AIP Conference Proceedings. 6th International Conference of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology (ICCEIB2022) , 15–16 August 2022 , Pahang, Malaysia. , 2907 (050008). ISBN 978-0-7354-4739-4

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Abstract

Phytosterols are consumed in many pharmacological products. Cocoa shell is an interesting source as its oil extract has high phytosterol content and potential of valorization. This paper reports application of microwave to control rapid heating assisting hydrodistillation (MAE-HD) of cocoa shell waste (CSW) powder. The objectives were to optimize factors to maximize extraction yield and time. Water to CSW ratio, microwave power and extraction time were varied in One-Factor-At-a-Time (OFAT) manner from 2:1 to 10:1, from 180 to 280 W and from 30 to 150 min, respectively using optimum, predetermined factors. Selected range of the factors was further tested in central composite design. The extract was analyzed by using the Liebermann-Burchard method to measure phytosterol amount. From the response surface of CCD, oil extraction was optimal at 225W for 90 minutes with the water-CSW ratio of 7.94:1 with the yield of 2.46 mass% under significant model of surface functions.

Item Type:	Conference or Workshop Item (Paper)
Additional Information:	Indexed by Scpus
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Extraction Oil; Cocoa Shell Waste; Hydrodistillation
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology
Faculty/Division:	Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering Institute of Postgraduate Studies
Depositing User:	Ir. Dr. Mohd Sabri Mahmud
Date Deposited:	26 Feb 2024 06:53
Last Modified:	26 Feb 2024 06:53
URI:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/40495
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