Mohd Herwan, Sulaiman and Zuriani, Mustaffa (2024) State of charge estimation for electric vehicles using random forest. Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation. pp. 1-39. ISSN 2773-1537. (In Press / Online First) (In Press / Online First)
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Abstract
This paper introduces an innovative approach to addressing a critical challenge in the electric vehicle (EV) industry—the accurate estimation of the state of charge (SOC) of EV batteries under real-world operating conditions. The electric mobility landscape is rapidly evolving, demanding more precise SOC estimation methods to improve range prediction accuracy and battery management. This study applies a Random Forest (RF) machine learning algorithm to improve SOC estimation. Traditionally, SOC estimation has posed a formidable challenge, particularly in capturing the complex dependencies between various parameters and SOC values during dynamic driving conditions. Previous methods, including the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), have exhibited limitations in providing the accuracy and robustness required for practical EV applications. In contrast, this research introduces the RF model, for SOC estimation approach that excels in real-world scenarios. By leveraging decision trees and ensemble learning, the RF model forms resilient relationships between input parameters, such as voltage, current, ambient temperature, and battery temperatures, and SOC values. This unique approach empowers the model to deliver precise and consistent SOC estimates across diverse driving conditions. Comprehensive comparative analyses showcase the superiority of the RF over ELM. The RF model not only outperforms in accuracy but also demonstrates exceptional robustness and reliability, addressing the pressing needs of the EV industry. The results of this study not only underscore the potential of RF in advancing electric mobility but also suggest a promising integration of the SOC estimation approach into the battery management system of BMW i3. This integration holds the key to more efficient and dependable electric vehicle operations, marking a significant milestone in the ongoing evolution of EV technology. Importantly, the RF model demonstrates a lower Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 5.9028% compared to 6.3127% for ELM, and a lower Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 4.4321% versus 5.1112% for ELM across rigorous k-fold cross-validation testing, reaffirming its superiority in quantitative SOC estimation.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Electric vehicles; Extreme learning machine; Machine learning; Random forest; State of charge of battery |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering |
| Faculty/Division: | Faculty of Computing Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology |
| Depositing User: | Mrs Norsaini Abdul Samat |
| Date Deposited: | 06 May 2024 06:52 |
| Last Modified: | 06 May 2024 06:52 |
| URI: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/41124 |
| Download Statistic: | View Download Statistics |
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