Noor, Hindryawati and Gaanty Pragas, Maniam (2015) Novel Utilization of Waste Marine Sponge (Demospongiae) as a Catalyst In Ultrasound-Assisted Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 22. pp. 454-462. ISSN 1350-4177. (Published)
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Abstract
This study demonstrates the potential of Na-silica waste sponge as a source of low cost catalyst in the transesterification of waste cooking oil aided by ultrasound. In this work an environmentally friendly and efficient transesterification process using Na-loaded SiO2 from waste sponge skeletons as a solid catalyst is presented. The results showed that the methyl esters content of 98.4 ± 0.4 wt.% was obtainable in less than an hour (h) of reaction time at 55 °C. Optimization of reaction parameters revealed that MeOH:oil, 9:1; catalyst, 3 wt.% and reaction duration of 30 min as optimum reaction conditions. The catalyst is able to tolerant free fatty acid and moisture content up to 6% and 8%, respectively. In addition, the catalyst can be reused for seven cycles while maintaining the methyl esters content at 86.3%. Ultrasound undoubtedly assisted in achieving this remarkable result in less than 1 h reaction time. For the kinetics study at 50–60 °C, a pseudo first order model was proposed, and the activation energy of the reaction is determined as 33.45 kJ/mol using Arrhenius equation.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Transesterification; Heterogeneous catalyst; Ultrasound; Waste cooking oil; Biodiesel |
| Subjects: | Q Science > Q Science (General) |
| Faculty/Division: | Faculty of Industrial Sciences And Technology |
| Depositing User: | Mrs. Neng Sury Sulaiman |
| Date Deposited: | 16 Dec 2014 01:05 |
| Last Modified: | 28 Feb 2018 03:11 |
| URI: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/7568 |
| Download Statistic: | View Download Statistics |
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