Huei, Ruey Ong and Khan, Maksudur R. and Yousuf, Abu and Nor Amalina, Hussain and Cheng, C. K. (2015) Synthesis and Characterization of a CaFe2O4 Catalyst for Oleic Acid Esterification. RSC Advances, 121 (5). pp. 100362-100368. ISSN 2046-2069. (Published)
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Abstract
Esterification of free fatty acid (oleic acid) with ethanol over a calcium ferrite catalyst was investigated in the present study. The calcium ferrite catalyst (CaFe2O4) was synthesized by the sol–gel method, which exhibited high catalytic activity for esterification of oleic acid. The morphology and size (500–1000 nm) of the synthesized catalyst were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used to ensure the absence of impurities. The orthorhombic structure of calcium ferrite was exposed by X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The effects of reaction variables such as catalyst loading, methanol to acid ratio, reaction time and temperature on the conversion of fatty acids were studied. The optimum conditions for the esterification process was a molar ratio of alcohol to oleic acid at 12 : 1 with 5 wt% of CaFe2O4 at 70 °C with a reaction time of 2 h. XRD patterns of the recycled catalyst evidenced that the catalyst structure was unchanged up to the 3rd cycle, which indicated the long life of the catalyst.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Oleic acid; Calcium ferrite catalyst; |
| Subjects: | T Technology > T Technology (General) T Technology > TP Chemical technology |
| Faculty/Division: | Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering Faculty of Engineering Technology |
| Depositing User: | Mrs. Neng Sury Sulaiman |
| Date Deposited: | 21 Dec 2015 08:07 |
| Last Modified: | 11 Jan 2018 03:59 |
| URI: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/11583 |
| Download Statistic: | View Download Statistics |
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