Structural and thermal analysis of bio-based polybenzoxazine derived from liquefied empty fruit bunch (EFB) via solventless method

Nurfatin Farhanah, Rohimi and Muhd Nor Arifin, Yaakob and Rasidi, Roslan and Nurjannah, Salim and Siti Noor Hidayah, Mustapha and Mohd Hasbi, Ab. Rahim and Chia, Chinhua and Sarani, Zakaria (2021) Structural and thermal analysis of bio-based polybenzoxazine derived from liquefied empty fruit bunch (EFB) via solventless method. In: Materials Today: Proceedings, 3rd Symposium on Industrial Science and Technology (SISTEC2021) , 25-26 August 2021 , Virtual Conference, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia. pp. 1367-1371., 51 (Part 2). ISSN 2214-7853

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Abstract

A bio-based polybenzoxazine demonstrating excellent thermal properties was synthesized using phenolic and its derivatives derived from liquefaction of empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibres to fulfill green chemistry principles. The liquefied EFB was reacted with furfurylamine and paraformaldehyde through a Mannich condensation reaction. For comparison purposes, a guaiacol polybenzoxazine was synthesized using guaiacol as a phenolic component reacted with similar amine and aldehyde. Both types of polybenzoxazine synthesized from liquefied EFB and guaiacol were named L-fa and G-fa, respectively. The structural analysis was performed using Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) and proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR). It was observed that the synthesis of benzoxazine groups for both types of polybenzoxazine was successful with the formation of the oxazine ring. Thermal stability showed that liquefied EFB polybenzoxazine (L-fa) has higher thermal stability above 360 °C compared to guaiacol-polybenzoxazine (G-fa), which is higher is 280 °C due to the complex structure of the lignin derivative in the liquefied EFB. For polymerization behavior, L-fa exhibit two exothermic peaks compared to three peaks on G-fa, indicating that L-fa is more reactive due to additional polymerizable sites present in L-fa. This work widens the synthesis route for the preparation of bio-based benzoxazine derived from oil palm waste which will perpetuate outstanding evolution towards the sustainable development of the bio-based polymeric industry.

Item Type:	Conference or Workshop Item (Lecture)
Additional Information:	Indexed by Scopus
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Guaiacol; Liquefaction; Polybenzoxazine; Renewable polymer; Solventless method; Thermoset
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor Q Science > Q Science (General) T Technology > T Technology (General)
Faculty/Division:	Faculty of Industrial Sciences And Technology Institute of Postgraduate Studies
Depositing User:	Mr Muhamad Firdaus Janih@Jaini
Date Deposited:	28 Oct 2022 01:24
Last Modified:	28 Oct 2022 01:24
URI:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/35466
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