Che Mohd Nasril, Che Mohd Nassir and Mohd Khairul Izamil, Zolkefley and Muhammad Danial, Che Ramli and Haziq Hazman, Norman and Hafizah, Abdul Hamid and Muzaimi, Mustapha (2022) Neuroinflammation and COVID-19 ischemic stroke recovery—Evolving evidence for the mediating roles of the ACE2/Angiotensin-(1–7)/Mas Receptor Axis and NLRP3 Inflammasome. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23 (3085). pp. 1-23. ISSN 1661-6596. (Published)
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Neuroinflammation and COVID-19 Ischemic Stroke Recovery—Evolving Evidence.pdf Available under License Creative Commons Attribution. Download (4MB) | Preview |
Abstract
Cerebrovascular events, notably acute ischemic strokes (AIS), have been reported in the setting of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection. Commonly regarded as cryptogenic, to date, the etiology is thought to be multifactorial and remains obscure; it is linked either to a direct viral invasion or to an indirect virus-induced prothrombotic state, with or without the presence of conventional cerebrovascular risk factors. In addition, patients are at a greater risk of developing long-term negative sequelae, i.e., long-COVID-related neurological problems, when compared to non-COVID-19 stroke patients. Central to the underlying neurobiology of stroke recovery in the context of COVID-19 infection is reduced angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression, which is known to lead to thrombo-inflammation and ACE2/angiotensin-(1–7)/mitochondrial assembly receptor (MasR) (ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MasR) axis inhibition. Moreover, after AIS, the activated nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome may heighten the production of numerous proinflammatory cytokines, mediating neuro-glial cell dysfunction, ultimately leading to nerve-cell death. Therefore, potential neuroprotective therapies targeting the molecular mechanisms of the aforementioned mediators may help to inform rehabilitation strategies to improve brain reorganization (i.e., neuro-gliogenesis and synaptogenesis) and secondary prevention among AIS patients with or without COVID-19. Therefore, this narrative review aims to evaluate the mediating role of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis and NLRP3 inflammasome in COVID-19-mediated AIS, as well as the prospects of these neuroinflammation mediators for brain repair and in secondary prevention strategies against AIS in stroke rehabilitation.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | Indexed by Scopus |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | ACE2; COVID-19; Ischemic stroke; Neurorehabilitation; NLRP3 inflammasome |
| Subjects: | H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD28 Management. Industrial Management Q Science > Q Science (General) T Technology > T Technology (General) |
| Faculty/Division: | Faculty of Industrial Sciences And Technology |
| Depositing User: | Mr Muhamad Firdaus Janih@Jaini |
| Date Deposited: | 31 Oct 2023 04:40 |
| Last Modified: | 31 Oct 2023 04:40 |
| URI: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/38900 |
| Download Statistic: | View Download Statistics |
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