Characteristics of NH3/H2 blend as carbon-free fuels: A review

Awad, Omar I. and Zhou, Bo and Harrath, Karim and Kadirgama, Kumaran (2023) Characteristics of NH3/H2 blend as carbon-free fuels: A review. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 48 (96). pp. 38077-38100. ISSN 0360-3199. (Published)

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Abstract

In the pursue of a carbon-free economy, the utilization of fuels with low or zero carbon footprint account for only 1% of global final energy demand, a share that is predicted to follow a dramatic growth to 20% by 2050. Ammonia (NH3) has become dominant in the international transportation and storage of low-carbon alternative fuels. NH3 is regarded as an alternative fuel, as a carbon-free fuel, and renewable hydrogen (H2) carrier with high energy density, and its production and distribution infrastructure are well established. However, a current challenge is that NH3 has a lower burning velocity and a narrow flammability limit. Thus, the use of NH3 has numerous limitations in practical combustion applications. Blending NH3 with H2 is considered a solution that has been proposed to enhance NH3 combustion by improving ignition, flammability, and H2 safety issue. Using NH3 blended with H2 as a fuel in combustion systems is a practical approach to decarbonizing the energy sector. Thus, this review highlights the existing influential studies and ongoing research on NH3/H2 blended fuels. The review covers NH3 assists the safety behaviour of H2 use, in-situ NH3 dissociation, NH3 and H2 properties, NH3/H2 combustion characterization, techniques for low NOx NH3/H2 combustion, and challenges for NH3/H2 combustion. Finally, recommendations for future studies are provided for further developing the utilization of NH3/H2 as blended fuel.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	Indexed by Scopus
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Hydrogen fuel; Laminar flame speed; Low NOx NH3/H2 combustion; NH3 fuel; NH3/H2 blend fuel
Subjects:	T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery T Technology > TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics
Faculty/Division:	Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology
Depositing User:	Mr Muhamad Firdaus Janih@Jaini
Date Deposited:	07 Jan 2025 05:06
Last Modified:	08 Jan 2025 01:51
URI:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42911
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