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Elemental composition effects on permittivity in newly developed dielectric composite material from ananas comosus waste.pdf - Accepted Version Download (3MB) | Preview |
Abstract
Ananas comosus, also known as pineapple, is a tropical plant with an edible fruit; it is the most economically significant plant in the family Bromeliaceae. Harvesting pineapples increases landfill waste and greenhouse gas emissions. Turning pineapple waste into a valuable material like dielectric material may be the most sustainable way to manage the waste. The objective of this study is to create a dielectric composite material using pineapple waste with a permittivity greater than 4 so that the dielectric material can be used as an alternative to printed circuit boards (PCBs) used by a wide range of electronic appliances. Examples of PCBs that are used by electrical appliances are FR4, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyimide. These materials are nonrenewable and produce 79% of total e-waste. Fabricating dielectric material from pineapple waste can reduce the e-waste produced by the PCBs. The dielectric composite material is fabricated by identifying and correlating the factors that enhance the performance of the dielectric material in terms of permittivity value. Four factors are identified to improve dielectric material permittivity. Consider the Kurschner-Hanack method of Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration, pulping duration, activated carbon addition, and filler percentage. Two-level factorial analysis (TLFA), optimization, One-Factor at A Time (OFAT) are used to study the factors. Pineapple leaves are processed to fabricate the dielectric composite material. The Kurschner-Hanack method used calculate NaOH percentage that extracts the cellulose from the leaves. Next, the pineapple leaves are dried and blended to create powders. The powder is then mixed with resin and hardened to fabricate the dielectric composite material. The fabricated dielectric composite material is analyzed more in terms of permittivity value using VNA and elemental composition using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM EDX). The correlation between the changes in the elemental composition and the permittivity value is analyzed. The permittivity value of epoxy resin without any reinforcing mixture was 2.5, whereas the highest permittivity value obtained in this research with a mixture of epoxy resin and pineapple leaf powder was 4.13, with 76.02 wt% of carbon elemental composition and 22.61 wt% of oxygen. The correlation between elemental composition and permittivity shows that dielectric materials absorb more electromagnetic signals when the carbon percentage is high. This is because as carbon elements increase in the dielectric material's positive charges shift towards the negative electrode and negative charges towards the positive electrode. The process is known as polarization. During this process, the dielectric material's permittivity was increasing due to an increase in electromagnetic signal absorption. The percentage of filler, out of the four identified contributing factors, has a significant effect on the dielectric composite material's permittivity value. The percentage of carbon elements in the dielectric composite material closely correlates with this. The higher the filler percentage, the more carbon is included in the dielectric composite material. The fabricated dielectric composite material has the potential to be used as an alternative to synthetic composites. This is because synthesis composites are non-biodegradable and cannot be degraded by organisms. Using this dielectric composite material as an alternative synthetic material can make it a biodegradable material and reduce landfill, pollution, and harm to the environment caused by these synthetic composites. The performance and efficiency of the fabricated dielectric composite material from pineapple leaves can be compared by fabricating it into an application such as a microstrip antenna and comparing the performance within term of bandwidth, S11 and S22.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | Thesis (Master of Science) -- Universiti Malaysia Pahang – 2024, SV: Ts. Dr. Nurhafizah Binti Abu Talip @ Yusof , NO. CD: 13690 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration |
| Subjects: | T Technology > T Technology (General) T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering |
| Faculty/Division: | Institute of Postgraduate Studies Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology |
| Depositing User: | Mr. Mohd Fakhrurrazi Adnan |
| Date Deposited: | 15 May 2025 04:27 |
| Last Modified: | 15 May 2025 04:27 |
| URI: | http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/44570 |
| Download Statistic: | View Download Statistics |
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